INCE-USA

Institute of Noise Control Engineering USA

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INCE Business Office
7150 Winton Drive, Suite 300,
Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268.
Phone: (317) 735-4063
E-mail: ibo@inceusa.org

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Classification of Subjects in Noise Control Engineering

Below is the classification system (Version 6.0) used by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA and the International Institute of Noise Control Engineering. An explanation of the classification system appeared in Noise/News International, 2, 12-25, 1994 March.This page is divided into two parts:

1) Brief Summary of the I-INCE Subject Classification
2) Detailed Summary of the I-INCE Subject Classification

Brief Summary of the I-INCE Subject Classification

GENERAL

00 General
01 International INCE
02 International INCE (continued)
03 International INCE (continued)
04 International INCE (continued)
05 Publications (other than technical articles)
06 History and philosophy
07 Education
08 Noise programs
09 Definitions and descriptors

EMISSION: NOISE SOURCES (noise generation and control)

10 General
11 Noise-generating devices (including components and subassemblies)
12 Stationary noise sources
13 Moving noise sources
14 Specialized industrial machinery and equipment

PHYSICAL PHENOMENA

20 General
21 Physical mechanisms of noise generation
22 Natural sources of noise
23 Propagation, transmission & scattering of sound (general wave equation)
24 Sound propagation in the atmosphere
25 Sound propagation in enclosed spaces
26 Sound propagation in ducts

NOISE CONTROL ELEMENTS (for path noise control)

30 General
31 Barriers and screens, shielding
32 Enclosures for noise sources
33 Sound isolating elements (including panels, partitions and curtains)
34 Filters, mufflers, silencers and resonators (conventional types)
35 Absorptive materials
36 Hearing protective devices
37 Noise attenuation and transmission in ducts
38 Special treatments (including active noise control)

VIBRATION AND SHOCK: GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, ISOLATION AND REDUCTION

40 General
41 Characteristics of sources of vibration and shock
42 Vibrating surfaces and structures (beams, plates, shells)
43 Propagation in structures (solid-borne noise)
44 Balancing of rotating and reciprocating machines
45 Reduction of impact forces; shock isolation and absorption
46 Vibration isolators and attenuators
47 Vibration-damping materials and structures
48 Vibration generators, shake tables
49 Effects of vibration and mechanical shock (on man, on structures)

IMMISSION: PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE (multiple sources and multiple paths)

50 General
51 Building noise control
52 Community noise control
53 In-plant noise control
54 Shipboard and offshore platform noise control
55 Outdoor plant noise control design and construction
56 Noise surveys

IMMISSION: EFFECTS OF NOISE

60 General
61 Perception of sound
62 Physiological effects
63 Psychological effects
64 Effects of noise on physical structures
65 Effects of noise on domesticated and wild animals
66 Sociological effects; community reaction to noise
67 Economic effects
68 Environmental impact statements
69 Criteria and rating of noise

ANALYSIS

70 General
71 Instruments for noise and vibration measurements
72 Measurement techniques
73 Test facilities (design and qualification)
74 Signal processing
75 Analytical methods
76 Modeling, prediction and simulation
77 Sampling and quality control procedures
78 Audiometry, dosimetry and hearing measurements
79 Psychoacoustical evaluations and testing

REQUIREMENTS

80 General
81 Standards
82 Federal government legislation and regulations
83 State and local legislation and regulations
84 Other legislation and regulations
85 Ordinances, including zoning requirements
86 Building codes
87 Specifications
88 Auditing, enforcement and certification
89 Labeling

RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION 90 - 99

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Detailed Summary of the I-INCE Subject Classification
For convenience, the country codes of the International INCE Member Societies are given in sections 01-04 of the classification.

GENERAL

00 General
01 International INCE
- 01.1 INCE/USA (US)
- 01.2 Acoustical Society of Denmark (DK)
- 01.3 Acoustical Society of Norway (NO)
- 01.4 Acoustical Society of Japan (JP)
- 01.5 Schweizerische Gesellschaft fuer Akustik (CH)
- 01.6 Acoustical Society of America (US)
- 01.7 Normenauschuss Akustik, Laermminderung & Schwingungstechnik (DE)
- 01.8 South African Acoustics Institute (ZA)
- 01.9 Australian Acoustical Society (AU)
02 International INCE (continued)
- 02.1 The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan (JP)
- 02.2 Nederlands Akoestisch Genootshap (NL)
- 02.3 Committee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
- 02.4 Canadian Acoustical Association (CA)
- 02.5 Acoustical Commission of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HU)
- 02.6 Association Belge des Acousticiens (BE)
- 02.7 Acoustical Commission of the Romanian Academy of Sciences (RO)
- 02.8 Acoustical Society of Sweden (SE)
- 02.9 Institute of Acoustics, United Kingdom (GB)
03 International INCE (continued)
- 03.1 Acoustical Society of China (CN)
- 03.2 Acoustical Society of Finland (FI)
- 03.3 Acoustical Society of Korea (KR)
- 03.4 Associazione Italiana di Acoustica (IT)
- 03.5 Osterreichischer Arbeitsring fuer Laermbekaempfung (AT)
- 03.6 Noise Section, Environmental Engineering Society Singapore (SG)
- 03.7 Groupe Acoustique Industrielle et Environnement (FR)
- 03.8 Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica (BR)
- 03.9 New Zealand Acoustical Society (NZ)
04 International INCE (continued)
- 04.1 Hungarian Society for Optics, Acoustics and Filmtechnics (HU)
- 04.2 East European Acoustical Association
- 04.3 Deutche Gesellschaft fuer Akustik (DE)
- 04.4 Lithuanian Acoustical Society
05 Publications (other than technical articles
- 05.1 Books
- 05.2 Book reviews
- 05.3 Editorials
- 05.4 Announcements and calendars
- 05.5 Biographical and personal notes
- 05.6 Bibliographies
- 05.7 Patents
- 05.8 Errata and addenda
06 History and philosophy
07 Education
08 Noise programs
- 08.1 Federal governments
- 08.2 State governments
- 08.3 Local governments
- 08.4 Universities
- 08.5 Industries
- 08.6 Trade associations
09 Definitions and descriptors

10 General
11 Noise-generating devices (including components and subassemblies)
- 11.1 Mechanical devices (noise generated mechanically)
  - 11.1.1 Bearings
  - 11.1.2 Cams
  - 11.1.3 Gears
  - 11.1.4 Belts and belt pulleys
  - 11.1.5 Drive trains
  - 11.1.6 Stepping mechanisms
  - 11.1.7 Clutches
  - 11.1.8 Actuators
  - 11.1.9 Chains
- 11.2 Electrical elements (noise generated electrically)
  - 11.2.1 Resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes
  - 11.2.2 Transformers
  - 11.2.3 Ballasts
  - 11.2.4 Solenoids
  - 11.2.5 Switches
  - 11.2.6 Circuit breakers
- 11.3 Hydraulic/pneumatic elements
  - 11.3.1 Valves
  - 11.3.2 Orifices and nozzles
  - 11.3.3 Piping
- 11.4 Air-moving and distribution devices
  - 11.4.1 Axial fans
  - 11.4.2 Centrifugal blowers
  - 11.4.3 Mixed-flow devices
  - 11.4.4 Diffusers and grilles
  - 11.4.5 Dampers
- 11.5 Electric power devices
  - 11.5.1 Electric motors
  - 11.5.2 Electric generators
  - 11.5.3 Power supplies
- 11.6 Other power devices
  - 11.6.1 Air motors
  - 11.6.2 Compressors (air, gas, vapor)
  - 11.6.2.1 Piston compressors
  - 11.6.2.2 Centrifugal compressors, turbocompressors
  - 11.6.2.3 Volumetric blowers
  - 11.6.3 Pumps (oil, water, other liquids)
  - 11.6.3.1 Gear pumps
  - 11.6.3.2 Vane pumps
  - 11.6.3.3 Screw pumps
  - 11.6.3.4 Piston pumps (reciprocating and rotary)
  - 11.6.4 Engines
  - 11.6.4.1 Internal combustion, diesel
  - 11.6.4.2 Internal combustion, gasoline
  - 11.6.5 Gas turbines
  - 11.6.6 Power transmissions
- 11.7 Rolling contact noise sources
  - 11.7.1 Tires and road-tire interactions
  - 11.7.2 Metal wheels and wheel-rail interactions
  - 11.7.3 Rollers
- 11.8 Stick-slip motional noise sources
  - 11.8.1 Brake squeal
  - 11.8.2 Clutch squeal
  - 11.8.9 Other friction squeal sources
- 11.9 Signaling devices
  - 11.9.1 Bells
  - 11.9.2 Horns
  - 11.9.3 Whistles
  - 11.9.4 Sirens
  - 11.9.5 Fog horns
  - 11.9.6 Impulsive devices
  - 11.9.9 Other warning devices
12 Stationary noise sources
- 12.1 Large equipment (indoor and outdoor; major source
- dimension greater than 1 meter)
  - 12.1.1 Electric power transformers
  - 12.1.2 Cooling towers and heat exchangers
  - 12.1.3 Chillers
  - 12.1.4 Motors and generators
  - 12.1.5 Primary power sources (diesel engines, gas turbines)
  - 12.1.6 Furnaces, burners, boilers and incinerators
  - 12.1.7 Stacks and flares
  - 12.1.8 Large rotating electrical equipment
- 12.2 Construction and demolition equipment (stationary)
  - 12.2.1 Pneumatic and hydraulic tools
  - 12.2.1.1 Pavement breakers
  - 12.2.1.2 Rock drills
  - 12.2.2 Air compressors
  - 12.2.3 Pile drivers
  - 12.2.4 Concrete mixers
  - 12.2.5 Space heaters
  - 12.2.6 Wood chippers
- 12.3 Computers and business equipment
  - 12.3.1 Subassemblies
    - 12.3.1.1 Printing elements
    - 12.3.1.2 Punches
    - 12.3.1.3 Stackers
    - 12.3.1.4 Keyboards
  - 12.3.2 Typewriters and word processing equipment
  - 12.3.3 Office and business equipment
    - 12.3.3.1 Copiers and duplicators
    - 12.3.3.2 Accounting and bookkeeping machines
    - 12.3.3.3 Adding and calculating machines
    - 12.3.3.4 Tabulating machines
    - 12.3.3.5 Cash registers and check-out systems
  - 12.3.4 Computer equipment
    - 12.3.4.1 Digital computers
    - 12.3.4.2 Central processing units
    - 12.3.4.3 Input-output devices
      - 12.3.4.3.1 Disk and drum drives
      - 12.3.4.3.2 Tape Transports
      - 12.3.4.3.3 Paper tape & card readers, punches
      - 12.3.4.3.4 Line and character printers
      - 12.3.4.3.5 Displays, monitors and terminals
      - 12.3.4.3.6 Plotters
  - 12.3.5 Commercial heating and ventilating equipment
    - 12.3.5.1 Electric heaters
    - 12.3.5.2 Gas-fired heaters
    - 12.3.5.3 Window fans
    - 12.3.5.4 Exhaust fans
    - 12.3.5.5 Oil-fired furnaces
    - 12.3.5.6 Gas-fired furnaces
    - 12.3.5.7 Heat pumps
- 12.4 Home appliances and small equipment
  - 12.4.1 Radio, television and high fidelity
  - 12.4.2 Room air conditioners, humidifiers and dehumidifiers
    - 12.4.2.1 Outdoor (unitary) airconditioning units
      - 12.4.2.1.1 Compressors
      - 12.4.2.1.2 Fans
  - 12.4.3 Home heating and ventilating equipment
    - 12.4.3.1 Electric heaters
    - 12.4.3.2 Floor fans
    - 12.4.3.3 Window fans
    - 12.4.3.4 Exhaust fans
    - 12.4.3.5 Oil-fired furnaces
    - 12.4.3.6 Gas-fired furnaces
    - 12.4.3.7 Heat pumps
  - 12.4.4 Vacuum cleaners and powered cleaning equipment
  - 12.4.5 Small appliances and housewares
    - 12.4.5.1 Mixers
    - 12.4.5.2 Blenders and juicers
    - 12.4.5.3 Grinders
    - 12.4.5.4 Knives and slicers
    - 12.4.5.5 Ice crushers
    - 12.4.5.6 Can openers
    - 12.4.5.7 Electric sharpeners
      - 12.4.5.7.1 Knives
      - 12.4.5.7.2 Pencils
    - 12.4.5.8 Sewing machines
    - 12.4.5.9 Floor polishers
  - 12.4.6 Major appliances
    - 12.4.6.1 Refrigerators
    - 12.4.6.2 Freezers
    - 12.4.6.3 Clothes washers
    - 12.4.6.4 Clothes dryers
    - 12.4.6.5 Dishwashers
    - 12.4.6.6 Garbage grinders
    - 12.4.6.7 Range hoods
    - 12.4.6.8 Trash compactors
  - 12.4.7 Personal equipment - electrically powered
    - 12.4.7.1 Shavers
    - 12.4.7.2 Hair grooming devices
    - 12.4.7.3 Shoe polishers
    - 12.4.7.4 Toothbrushes
    - 12.4.7.5 Massagers and exercise machines
  - 12.4.8 Plumbing equipment and fixtures
  - 12.4.9 Cameras and projectors
- 12.5 Power tools
  - 12.5.1 Portable power tools (gasoline, electric or air power)
    - 12.5.1.1 Chain saws
    - 12.5.1.2 Drills
    - 12.5.1.3 Saws
    - 12.5.1.4 Stud drivers
    - 12.5.1.5 Cutting torches
    - 12.5.1.6 Welders
    - 12.5.1.7 Other hand tools
  - 12.5.2 Stationary power tools
    - 12.5.2.1 Punch presses
    - 12.5.2.2 Saws
    - 12.5.2.3 Drills
    - 12.5.2.9 Other workshop tools
- 12.6 Vibratory equipment
  - 12.6.1 Feeders
  - 12.6.2 Shakers and shake-outs
  - 12.6.3 Conveyors
  - 12.6.4 Hopper vibrators
  - 12.6.5 Concrete vibrators
- 12.7 Truck-mounted equipment
  - 12.7.1 Solid waste compactors
  - 12.7.2 Refrigeration units
  - 12.7.3 Air compressors
- 12.8 Equipment for transporting materials
  - 12.8.1 Conveyors
- 12.9 Equipment for recreational areas and sports
  - 12.9.1 Amusement park equipment
  - 12.9.2 Ski area equipment
  - 12.9.3 Equipment for sound amplification
  - 12.9.4 Auxiliary power units for RV's and motor homes
  - 12.9.5 Swimming pool filter pumps
13 Moving noise sources
- 13.1 Aircraft
  - 13.1.1 Subsonic aircraft (fixed wing)
  - 13.1.2 Supersonic aircraft
  - 13.1.3 CTOL, VTOL, and STOL aircraft
  - 13.1.4 Helicopters
    - 13.1.4.1 Main rotor
    - 13.1.4.2 Tail rotor
    - 13.1.4.3 Engines
  - 13.1.5 Sources of external aircraft noise
    - 13.1.5.1 Fan and compressor stages
    - 13.1.5.2 Turbine stages
    - 13.1.5.3 Combustion stages
    - 13.1.5.4 Jet-exhaust flows
    - 13.1.5.5 Propellers
    - 13.1.5.6 Internal combustion (piston engines)
    - 13.1.5.7 Airframes
  - 13.1.6 Aircraft interior noise
- 13.2 Highway vehicles
  - 13.2.1 Automobiles
  - 13.2.2 Motorcycles
  - 13.2.3 Buses
  - 13.2.4 Trucks
  - 13.2.5 Recreational vehicles
  - 13.2.6 Snow plows and snow removal equipment
- 13.3 Off-road vehicles
  - 13.3.1 Snowmobiles
  - 13.3.2 All terrain vehicles
  - 13.3.3 Motorcycles
  - 13.3.4 Snow cats
  - 13.3.5 Modified automobiles
  - 13.3.6 Racing vehicles
- 13.4 Railbound vehicles
  - 13.4.1 Railway trains (locomotives, coaches, freight cars)
  - 13.4.2 Underground and elevated trains
  - 13.4.3 Street rail vehicles (streetcars, trams, etc.)
  - 13.4.4 Monorails
- 13.5 Ships and marine vehicles
  - 13.5.1 Craft for inland waterways, including pleasure boats
    - 13.5.1.1 Outboard engines
    - 13.5.1.2 Inboard engines
  - 13.5.2 Transoceanic vessels
  - 13.5.3 Recreational water craft
  - 13.5.4 Hovercraft, hydrofoils, and surface effect vehicles
- 13.6 Small engine-powered equipment
  - 13.6.1 Lawn mowers
  - 13.6.2 Agricultural and garden care equipment
    - 13.6.2.1 Garden tractors
    - 13.6.2.2 Tillers
    - 13.6.2.3 Motorized turf care equipment
  - 13.6.3 Snow blowers
  - 13.6.4 Leaf blowers
  - 13.6.5 Shredders/grinders
  - 13.6.6 Log splitters
  - 13.6.7 Electric-powered equipment
    - 13.6.7.1 Edgers
    - 13.6.7.2 Hedge clippers
    - 13.6.7.3 Trimmers
- 13.7 Large engine-powered mobile equipment (non-highway)
  - 13.7.1 Construction and earth-moving equipment
    - 13.7.1.1 Bulldozers
    - 13.7.1.2 Graders
    - 13.7.1.3 Backhoes
    - 13.7.1.4 Rollers
    - 13.7.1.5 Scrapers
    - 13.7.1.6 Power shovels
    - 13.7.1.7 Pavers
    - 13.7.1.8 Tractors (not used for farming)
  - 13.7.2 Materials handling equipment
    - 13.7.2.1 Loaders
    - 13.7.2.2 Cranes
    - 13.7.2.3 Forklift trucks
- 13.8 Sources inside moving vehicles, including ships and aircraft
14 Specialized industrial machinery and equipment
- 14.1 Machinery used in manufacturing industries
  - 14.1.1 Tobacco processing (SIC 21)
  - 14.1.2 Textile mills (SIC 22)
    - 14.1.2.1 Looms
    - 14.1.2.2 Spinning
    - 14.1.2.3 Twisting
    - 14.1.2.4 Winding
    - 14.1.2.5 Knitting
    - 14.1.2.9 Other
  - 14.1.3 Apparel and related products (SIC 23)
  - 14.1.4 Lumber and wood products (SIC 24)
  - 14.1.5 Furniture and fixtures (SIC 25)
  - 14.1.6 Paper and allied products (SIC 26)
  - 14.1.7 Printing and publishing (SIC 27)
  - 14.1.8 Chemicals and allied products (SIC 28)
  - 14.1.9 Petroleum and coal products (SIC 29)
- 14.2 Machinery used in manufacturing industries (continued)
  - 14.2.1 Leather and leather products (SIC 31)
  - 14.2.2 Stone, clay and glass products (SIC 32)
  - 14.2.3 Primary metals (SIC 33)
  - 14.2.4 Fabricated metal products (SIC 34)
  - 14.2.5 Machinery - except electric (SIC 35)
  - 14.2.6 Electrical machinery (SIC 36)
  - 14.2.7 Transportation equipment (SIC 37)
  - 14.2.8 Food products (SIC 20)
  - 14.2.9 Rubber and plastic products (SIC 30)
- 14.3 Mining and quarrying equipment
  - 14.3.1 Surface operations
  - 14.3.2 Underground operations
- 14.4 Farming machinery
  - 14.4.1 Threshing machines
  - 14.4.2 Harvesting equipment
  - 14.4.3 Milking equipment
  - 14.4.4 Conveyors, pneumatic transporters
  - 14.4.5 Dryers (hay, corn etc)
  - 14.4.6 Heaters
  - 14.4.7 Farm tractors
- 14.5 Power generation and transmission (SIC 49)
  - 14.5.1 Electrical transmission lines and equipment
  - 14.5.2 Natural gas transmission equipment
  - 14.5.3 Power station equipment
  - 14.5.4 Wind turbines and wind farms
- 14.6 Automated assembly and manufacturing equipment
  - 14.6.1 Welding robots
  - 14.6.2 Painting robots

20 General
21 Physical mechanisms of noise generation
- 21.1 Theoretical sound sources
  - 21.1.1 Monopoles
  - 21.1.2 Dipoles
  - 21.1.3 Quadrupoles
  - 21.1.4 Other multipoles
- 21.2 Noise produced by solid bodies
  - 21.2.1 Vibrating bodies
  - 21.2.2 Contacting bodies - impulsive sounds
  - 21.2.3 Sliding bodies
- 21.3 Rapid changes in temperature and/or pressure
  - 21.3.1 Explosions
  - 21.3.2 Combustion
  - 21.3.3 Cavitation
  - 21.3.4 Blast waves
- 21.4 Resonance, standing waves and normal modes (also 25.1)
  - 21.4.1 Vibrating air columns (one-dimensional)
- 21.5 Interaction of a moving solid with a fluid
  - 21.5.1 Movement of solid body through fluid
- 21.6 Flow noise, aerodynamic sound
  - 21.6.1 Produced by jets
  - 21.6.2 Blade slap and blade-vortex interactions
  - 21.6.3 Blade vortex interactions
  - 21.6.4 Produced by turbulence; ingestion and boundary layers
  - 21.6.5 Produced by fluid-boundary interactions
  - 21.6.6 Flow-induced noise generation in ducts and pipes
  - 21.6.7 Supersonic flow, shock waves, sonic booms
  - 21.6.8 Nonlinear effects
  - 21.6.9 Cavities
- 21.7 Vibration excitation by mechanical and electrical sources
22 Natural sources of noise
- 22.1 Rain storms, including thunderstorms
- 22.2 Waterfalls and streams
- 22.3 Wind
- 22.4 Waves
- 22.5 Surf
- 22.6 Animate sources
  - 22.6.1 Birds
  - 22.6.2 Insects
  - 22.6.3 Barking dogs
- 22.7 Other
23 Propagation, transmission & scattering of sound (general wave equation)
- 23.1 Radiating surfaces
- 23.2 Reflection and echoes
- 23.3 Refraction and focusing
- 23.4 Diffraction
- 23.5 Interference
- 23.6 Scattering
- 23.7 Reverberation
- 23.8 Directivity
- 23.9 Transmission
24 Sound propagation in the atmosphere
- 24.1 Divergence decrease
- 24.2 Absorption (attenuation) of sound in air
- 24.3 Effects of fog and precipitation
- 24.4 Reflection by and diffraction around obstacles
- 24.5 Topographical factors; effects of grass, shrubs and trees
- 24.6 Meteorogical factors; effects of wind, temperature and humidity
- 24.7 Scattering by small-scale temperature and wind variations
- 24.8 Reflection and absorption at small angles over a ground surface
- 24.9 Effects of ground impedance and height above round level
25 Sound propagation in enclosed spaces
- 25.1 Standing waves and normal modes
- 25.2 Steady-state response
- 25.3 Diffusivity
- 25.4 Reverberation and echoes
- 25.5 Decrease with distance from the source
26 Sound Propagation in ducts
- 26.1 General theory of propagation in ducts
  - 26.1.1 Without fluid flow
  - 26.1.2 With fluid flow
  - 26.1.3 With hard, non-absorbing surfaces
  - 26.1.4 With absorptive surfaces
- 26.2 Radiation from duct terminations

NOISE CONTROL ELEMENTS (for path noise control)

30 General
31 Barriers and screens, shielding
- 31.1 Outdoors
- 31.2 Partial-height partitions indoors
  - 31.2.1 Barriers in industrial halls
  - 31.2.2 Barriers in open-plan offices
32 Enclosures for noise sources
- 32.1 Sound absorptive materials in enclosures
- 32.2 Wall construction
- 32.3 Isolation of plumbing and other wall penetrations
- 32.4 Ventilation openings
- 32.5 Doors and access openings
- 32.6 Windows
33 Sound isolating elements (including panels, partitions and curtains)
34 Filters, mufflers, silencers and resonators (conventional types)
- 34.1 Dissipative type
- 34.2 Reactive type
- 34.3 Helmholtz resonators
35 Absorptive materials
- 35.1 Mechanisms of absorption - theory
- 35.2 Physical properties
  - 35.2.1 Bulk sound absorption coefficient
  - 35.2.2 Acoustic impedance
  - 35.2.3 Flow resistance; effect of airflow rate
  - 35.2.4 Density
  - 35.2.5 Porosity
  - 35.2.6 Elasticity of structures
  - 35.2.7 Propagation constants
  - 35.2.8 Structure factor
  - 35.2.9 Non-acoustical properties
- 35.3 Commercial acoustical materials
- 35.4 Common materials
  - 35.4.1 General building materials
  - 35.4.2 Furnishings and chairs
  - 35.4.3 Audience and individual persons
  - 35.4.4 Floor coverings
  - 35.4.5 Sprayed mineral fibers
- 35.5 Materials for special applications
  - 35.5.1 Exposed to high temperatures (flame retardant)
  - 35.5.2 Exposed to high gas velocities
  - 35.5.3 Exposed to severe weather conditions
  - 35.5.4 Surface treatments for anechoic chambers
  - 35.5.5 Roadway materials
- 35.6 Perforated facings for absorptive materials
- 35.7 Resonant absorbers
- 35.8 Wrappings and lagging materials
36 Hearing protective devices
- 36.1 Earmuffs
- 36.2 Ear plugs
- 36.3 Helmets
- 36.4 Active noise reduction in protective devices
37 Noise attenuation and transmission in ducts
- 37.1 Lined ducts
- 37.2 Unlined ducts
- 37.3 Plenums
- 37.4 Area changes, bends and elbows
- 37.5 Transmission through duct walls
- 37.6 Duct attenuators
- 37.7 Active noise control in ducts
38 Special treatments
- 38.1 Noise control by masking
- 38.2 Active noise control (three dimensions)
- 38.3 Active vibration control for noise reduction
- 38.4 Noise control by operational changes
  - 38.4.1 Traffic control
  - 38.4.2 Routing and scheduling control
- 38.5 Change of configuration or design for noise control purposes
- 38.6 Seals for openings
  - 38.6.1 Absorptive seals (absorptive linings around openings)
  - 38.6.2 Sealing cements, plastic & rubber mastics, foams, etc.
  - 38.6.3 Sealing tapes and caulking materials
  - 38.6.4 Foam and rubber ribbons and profiles

40 General
41 Characteristics of sources of vibration and shock
- 41.1 Periodic vibration, sinusoidal
- 41.2 Stationary random vibration
- 41.3 Transients and shocks, impacts
- 41.4 Non-stationary random vibration
- 41.5 Nonlinear vibrations
42 Vibrating surfaces and structures (beams, plates, shells)
43 Propagation in structures (solid-borne noise)
- 43.1 Decrease due to spreading
- 43.2 Transmission and attenuation in solid structures
  - 43.2.1 Mechanical constructions (internal damping)
  - 43.2.2 Buildings, civil engineering constructions
  - 43.2.3 Earth (geoacoustics)
  - 43.2.4 Foundations/soil interactions
- 43.3 Reflections and interference
- 43.4 Vibration breaks
- 43.5 Structural intensity
44 Balancing of rotating and reciprocating machines
45 Reduction of impact forces; shock isolation and absorption
46 Vibration isolators and attenuators
- 46.1 Theories of vibration isolation and isolators
- 46.2 Vibration isolators
- 46.3 Foundation analysis and design
- 46.4 Active vibration control
47 Vibration-damping materials and structures
- 47.1 Mechanisms of damping - theory
- 47.2 Constrained layer damping
- 47.3 Damping of structures and panels
- 47.4 Dynamic absorbers
48 Vibration generators, shake tables
49 Effects of vibration and mechanical shock (on man, on structures)
- 49.1 On man
- 49.2 On structures and machines
  - 49.2.1 Vibration induced effects
  - 49.2.2 Noise induced effects
  - 49.2.3 Designs to withstand high noise levels
- 49.3 Criteria
  - 49.3.1 Criteria for vibration of human body and organs
  - 49.3.2 Criteria for machine vibrations
  - 49.3.3 Criteria for shock in transportation of goods

50 General
51 Building noise control
- 51.1 Sound fields in rooms and enclosed spaces
  - 51.1.1 Industrial halls and plants
  - 51.1.2 Concert or other halls for audiences or performances
  - 51.1.3 Special spaces (corridors etc)
- 51.2 Reduction of noise levels by increased absorption
- 51.3 Sound transmission thru windows, doors, walls, ceilings, floors
- 51.4 Sound-insulating structures, transmission coefficients and transmission loss
- 51.5 Flanking and impact transmission
- 51.6 Heating, ventilating and airconditioning (HVAC) systems
- 51.7 Landscaped (open plan) offices and lobbies
- 51.8 Elevators and escalators
- 51.9 Plumbing and piping noise
52 Community noise control
- 52.1 Community noise levels
- 52.2 Airport noise
  - 52.2.1 Commercial airports
  - 52.2.2 Military airfields
  - 52.2.3 General aviation airports
  - 52.2.4 Heliports
    - 52.2.4.1 Police
    - 52.2.4.2 Hospitals
    - 52.2.4.3 Military
- 52.3 Road traffic noise
- 52.4 Rail vehicle noise
- 52.5 Industrial noise (incl. noise around plants and power stations)
- 52.6 Construction noise
- 52.7 Sport areas and events
- 52.8 Residential area noise due to lawn mowers, air conditioners,etc
- 52.9 Planning for noise control, zoning, land use and urban planning
  - 52.9.1 Ambient sound levels
53 In-plant noise control
- 53.1 In-plant noise levels
- 53.2 Exposures of workers
- 53.3 Planning, design and construction for noise control
- 53.4 Booths and control rooms
54 Shipboard and offshore platform noise control
- 54.1 Noise control in ship spaces
- 54.2 Noise control on offshore platforms
55 Outdoor plant noise control design and construction
56 Noise surveys
- 56.1 Outdoors
- 56.2 Indoors

60 General
61 Perception of sound
- 61.1 Biomechanics of the ear
- 61.2 Theories of hearing
- 61.3 Hearing levels and hearing thresholds of populations
- 61.4 Presbycusis and sociocusis
- 61.5 Critical bandwidths, masking
- 61.6 Just noticeable differences
62 Physiological effects
- 62.1 Hearing loss (temporary and permanent threshold shifts)
- 62.2 Extra-auditory effects (fatigue, blood pressure, heart rate)
- 62.3 Hearing conservation programs
- 62.4 Workers compensation; liability for hearing loss
63 Psychological effects
- 63.1 Loudness
- 63.2 Perceived noisiness, annoyance
- 63.3 Speech intelligibility and interference, speech levels, speech communication
- 63.4 Sleep disturbance
- 63.5 Work interference and efficiency
- 63.6 Infrasonic noise
- 63.7 Noise quality
64 Effects of noise on physical structures
- 64.1 On natural environment, parklands
- 64.2 On structures and in materials, sonic fatigue
- 64.3 Sonic boom damage
65 Effects of noise on domesticated and wild animals
- 65.1 Domestic animals
- 65.2 Wildlife
66 Sociological effects: community reaction to noise
- 66.1 Community disturbance, interference with activities
- 66.2 Assessment of impact of community noise
67 Economic effects
- 67.1 Economic aspects of noise reduction
- 67.2 Cost-benefit analyses
- 67.3 Manufacturers', operators' and users' costs
- 67.4 Social costs of noise
68 Environmental impact statements
- 68.1 Background or ambient noise (baseline)
- 68.2 Environmental noise sources
- 68.3 Population exposure; impact criteria and assessment techniques
- 68.4 Highway projects
- 68.5 Airport projects
- 68.6 Public facilities under construction
- 68.7 Noise control planning; siting issues and zoning
69 Criteria and rating of noise
- 69.1 For acceptable levels of noise in rooms
- 69.2 For speech interference
- 69.3 For annoyance
- 69.4 For sonic-fatigue resistance
- 69.5 For land-use planning with respect to noise

70 General
71 Instruments for noise and vibration measurements
- 71.1 Transducers
  - 71.1.1 Microphones, wind screens
  - 71.1.2 Vibration pick-ups
  - 71.1.3 Intensity probes
  - 71.1.4 Transducers for sound generation and reproduction
    - 71.1.4.1 Loudspeakers
    - 71.1.4.2 Headphones
  - 71.1.9 Other sensors
- 71.2 Amplifiers, including preamplifiers
  - 71.2.1 Amplifiers for measurement systems
- 71.3 Sound level meters
  - 71.3.1 Conventional
  - 71.3.2 Integrating-averaging
  - 71.3.3 Computer-based
- 71.4 Sound exposure meters
- 71.5 Waveform or frequency analyzers
- 71.6 Filters, analog and digital
- 71.7 Indicating devices
- 71.8 Data acquisition systems, recorders and data storage devices
- 71.9 Calibration; acoustical and electrical performance verification
72 Measurement techniques
- 72.1 Sound pressure level
- 72.2 Vibration level
  - 72.2.1 Surface contact methods
  - 72.2.2 Non-contact methods (laser interferometry, holography)
- 72.3 Sound intensity
- 72.4 Sound power
- 72.5 Transmission loss
- 72.6 Reverberation time
- 72.7 Measurement of properties of materials
  - 72.7.1 Bulk sound absorption coefficient
  - 72.7.2 Acoustic impedance
  - 72.7.3 Flow resistance; effect of airflow rate
  - 72.7.4 Density
  - 72.7.5 Porosity
  - 72.7.6 Elasticity of structures
  - 72.7.7 Propagation constants
  - 72.7.8 Structure factor
  - 72.7.9 Non-acoustical properties
- 72.8 Impulsive noise measurements
- 72.9 Measurements of other quantities
73 Test facilities (design and qualification)
- 73.1 Free-field (anechoic rooms)
- 73.2 Free-field over a reflecting plane (hemi-anechoic rooms)
- 73.3 Reverberation rooms (diffuse field)
- 73.4 Outdoor test sites
- 73.5 Laboratory facilities (design and construction)
- 73.6 Other test environments (indoor and outdoors)
74 Signal processing
- 74.1 Correlation and coherence analysis
- 74.2 Bursts and impulsive sounds
- 74.3 Digital processing and simulation
  - 74.3.1 Processing of microphone array signals
- 74.4 Automated data processing and reduction
- 74.5 Diagnosis and failure prediction
  - 74.5.1 Machinery and condition monitoring
- 74.6 Source localization and transmission paths
  - 74.7.1 Processing by microphone arrays
- 74.8 Frequency domain and spectral analysis
- 74.9 Other signal processing techniques
75 Analytical methods
- 75.1 Statistical methods
- 75.2 Statistical energy analysis (SEA)
- 75.3 Finite element methods (FEM)
- 75.4 Computer algorithms including computer aided design
  - 75.4.1 Expert systems
- 75.5 Boundary element methods (BEM)
- 75.6 Modal analysis
- 75.7 Imaging of acoustical and vibrational fields (holography, etc.)
- 75.8 Wave vector analysis
76 Modeling, prediction and simulation
- 76.1 Propagation models, noise models
  - 76.1.1 Outdoors
    - 76.1.1.1 Road traffic noise
    - 76.1.1.2 Rail traffic noise
    - 76.1.1.3 Noise in communities around airports
    - 76.1.1.4 External industrial noise
  - 76.1.2 Indoors
    - 76.1.2.1 Factory halls, sound level contours indoors
    - 76.1.2.2 Concert halls
- 76.2 Small scale modeling
- 76.3 Building foundation modeling
- 76.9 Other modeling, prediction and simulation methods
77 Sampling and quality control procedures
78 Audiometry, dosimetry and hearing measurements
79 Psychoacoustical evaluations and testing
- 79.1 Speech quality
- 79.2 Preference testing

80 General
81 Standards
- 81.1 National standards
- 81.2 International standards
  - 81.2.1 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  - 81.2.2 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
  - 81.2.9 Other international standards
- 81.9 Other standards documents
82 Federal government legislation and regulations
83 State and local legislation and regulations
84 Other legislation and requirements
- 84.1 European Community requirements
85 Ordinances, including zoning requirements
86 Building codes
87 Specifications
- 87.1 Purchase specifications for new equipment
88 Auditing, enforcement and certification
- 88.1 Laboratory accreditation
89 Labeling

RESERVED FOR FUTURE EXPANSION

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