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List of Books on Noise Control (Announced in Noise/News International)

1996 March - 1997 September

A book number is listed with each title, and identifies the issue in which the announcement was published. For example, BK040102 was the second book announcement published in the first issue of volume 4.

The Nature of Acoustic Space
Mikio Tohyama, Hideo Suzuki, and Yoichi Ando
BK040101
Community Noise
Birgitta Berglund and Thomas Lindvall, Eds.
BK040102
Active Noise Control Systems
Sen M. Kuo and Dennis R. Morgan
BK040201
Sound Transmission Through Buildings Using Statistical Energy Analysis
Robert J.M. Craik
BK040202
Concert Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound
Leo Beranek
BK040203
Engineering Noise Control
David A. Bies and Colin H. Hansen
BK040401
Marine Mammals and Noise
W. John Richardson, Charles R. Greene, Jr., Charles I. Malme, and Denis H. Thompson
BK040402
Advanced Signal Processing and Digital Noise Reduction
Saeed V. Vaseghi
BK040403
Active Control of Vibration
C.R. Fuller, S.J. Elliott, and P.A. Nelson
BK040501
Sound Intensity, Second Edition
F.J. Fahy
BK050102
Handbook of Radiation and Scattering of Waves
Adrianus T. de Hoop
BK050103
Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers
Peter B. Kahn
BK050104
Industrial Intelligent Control
Yong-Zai Lu
BK050201
Active Control of Noise and Vibration
Colin H. Hansen and Scott D. Snyder
BK050202
Pump Application Desk Book
Paul N. Garay
BK050203
Encyclopedia of Acoustics
Malcolm J. Crocker, Editor
BK050301

The Nature and Technology of Acoustic Space
Mikio Tohyama, Hideo Suzuki, and Yoichi Ando
Academic Press, Harcourt Brace & Company, Ltd., Foots Cray High Street, Sidcup, Kent DA14 5HP, United Kingdom
326 pp., hard cover, GBP 60.00

The purpose of this book is to serve both as a textbook that can be used for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on acoustics and noise control and as a resource for current research in the rapidly-expanding subject of the properties of sound fields in rooms and other enclosed spaces.

The technical content begins in chapter 2 with a review of signal analysis. This includes both continuous and discrete Fourier transforms, windowing, analysis of signals in the time domain, and other properties of acoustical signals.

Chapter 3 is mainly a review of sound propagation in rooms, the effect of rooms on the sound power output of sources, sound radiation from plates, and reverberation room theory. However, a portion of the chapter deals with the statistics of random sound fields, transfer function statistics, and statistical phase analysis, important topics related to the active control of sound fields.

Chapter 4 is devoted to visualization of sound fields, mainly through determination of sound intensity. Topics covered include visualization of sound fields in general, and visualization of sound fields in the vicinity of sources.

Having described the physical properties of sound fields, the authors, in Chapter 5, turn to subjective and physiological responses to sound. Much of the material is related to subjective responses to sound in concert halls and the physical factors that govern these responses. A model of the auditory-brain system is proposed.

In Chapter 6, the authors return to a physical analysis of sound fields - the control of sound fields in enclosed spaces. The analysis includes both passive control and active control. An example of the former is proper placement of a source in an automobile audio system, and an example of the latter is active minimization of the sound power output of a source in a reverberant space.

The theme of sound field control is continued in Chapter 7 where the applications are related to the control of concert hall acoustics. Among the topics covered are digital signal processing for the control of sound fields in concert halls, and the importance of interaural cross correlations in concert hall design.

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Community Noise
Birgitta Berglund and Thomas Lindvall, Editors
A document prepared for the World Health Organization and available from the Department of Psychology, Attention: A. Gidlö f Gunnarsson, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
103 pp., soft cover, no price indicated

The introduction to this book underscores the importance of the community noise problem in Europe. It is stated that almost 25% of the European population is exposed to an equivalent 24-hour A- weighted sound level of 65 dB. This level and the number of persons exposed indicates that community noise is a genuine public health problem.

The book begins with an overview of the properties of sound waves, a definition of sound pressure level, its measurement, and measures of loudness and loudness level. The various measures of environmental noise are described, and short descriptions of the properties of various noise sources are described, for example, road traffic noise and aircraft noise.

Next, a summary is given of the hearing mechanism and the auditory system, and the effects of noise on humans are described. This includes hearing loss in industrial situations and various other effects such as the effects of noise in the community, the effects of noise on mental health, and the effects of noise on task performance. Other sections deal with the economic costs of noise, and the various methods for the measurement of noise exposure.

A final chapter is devoted to guideline values. Guidelines are given for specific effects of noise, including interference with communications, noise induced hearing loss, sleep disturbance effects, annoyance effects, and many others.

This volume does not attempt to give a "stand alone" summary of the results of research in the field. Rather, it is a summary of research results and a carefully referenced guide to the effects of noise on humans and animals. It contains more than 750 references to the scientific literature. There are two short appendices, one devoted to control of noise and the other to definitions.

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Active Noise Control Systems
Sen M. Kuo and Dennis R. Morgan
John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA.
389 pp., hard cover, USD 74.95

This text on active noise control has the subtitle Algorithms and DSP Implementations. As the subtitle implies, it is written from the point of view of electrical engineering for electrical engineers and others concerned with the implementation of active noise control systems. The emphasis is not on transducers, amplifiers, and other components required in active control systems, but on the electronic systems needed to control these components.

The introduction is a summary of the history of active control, and a review of areas in which active control has been applied in the past and will be applied in the future. Several key areas are identified. The first is Air-Acoustic Active Noise Control (ANC) which includes duct noise, noise generated in enclosed spaces, noise in free space, and personal hearing protection. The second is Hydroacoustic ANC which includes underwater systems and fluid flow in pipes. The third is Vibration ANC, an area which is identified as being in need of a definitive text.

The general types of systems used in ANC are then identified, and methods for performance evaluation are given.

Today, essentially all ANC systems use digital control, and it is the description of these digital control systems that forms the body of the text. The following subjects are covered: adaptive transversal filters, broadband feedforward active noise control, multiple- channel active noise control, Feedback active noise control, on-line secondary-path modeling techniques, and other ANC structures and algorithms. The latter includes the recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm and lattice ANC systems.

The final chapter is devoted to ANC applications - systems used for active control of noise in ducts, noise in rooms, exhaust noise, personal protection devices, active barriers, transformer noise, and beam vibrations are all discussed.

Several appendices are devoted to specialized subjects. The book also comes with one 3 1/2 inch IBM-compatible floppy disk titled Active Noise Control Systems. The disk contains programs used to analyze and implement the algorithms in the text. The files include ANSI C Language source code and assembly-language files for the TMS 320C25 and TMS 320C30 systems. The disk also contains a 1549-word README.TXT file which explains how to install the diskette. The e-mail addresses of the authors are included on the disk so that they can receive any comments about the software.

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Sound Transmission Through Buildings Using Statistical Energy Analysis
Robert J.M. Craik
Gower Publishing, Gower House, Croft Road, ALDERSHOT, Hampshire, GU11 3BR, United Kingdom, Ashgate Publishing Company, Old Post Road, Brookfield, VT 05036-9704, USA, 1996.
261 pp., hard cover, USD 94.95

This text describes the use of statistical energy analysis (SEA) on sound transmission through buildings as developed in the United Kingdom over a period of 15 years partly through a series of research grants from the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council. Much of the work was carried out at the Building Research Establishment.

A tutorial introduction to SEA emphasizes room-to-room transmission, sound transmission mechanisms and power flow. Then follows a discussion of modeling with SEA which includes the definition of subsystems and their properties (damping, wave propagation, etc.)

The transmission between these subsystems is then quantified in terms of coupling loss factors (CLFs).

This analysis then leads into a discussion of structureborne sound transmission, and determination of the performance of building systems using SEA. It is pointed out that while SEA offers few advantages for simple systems such as single walls, the performance of more complex systems such as double walls can be understood because individual transmission paths through the structure can be analyzed.

Both direct and flanking transmission paths are covered in the book, and many examples of measured vs calculated results are given.

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Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound
Leo Beranek
Acoustical Society of America, 500 Sunnyside Boulevard, Woodbury, NY 11797, U.S.A., 1996
643 pp., hard cover, USD 49.95 (price for NNI readers: USD 39.95)

The author compares the acoustical attributes of 76 halls in 22 countries around the world. In the first five chapters, the effects of a hall's acoustics on composition, performance and listening are examined in detail. Chapter six, over one half of the book, describes the 76 halls which are presented complete with photographs and drawings, all to the same scale. The halls are rank-ordered into five categories of acoustical quality, and ranked on the basis of interviews with conductors and music critics, and cross-checked with written questionnaires mailed to a different set of performers and critics. In chapters 7 through 15, the different acoustical attributes and their relation to the 76 halls are presented. Special attention is given to the six accepted parameters for evaluating a hall's acoustical quality: liveness, warmth, loudness, spaciousness, intimacy and listener envelopment. The last two chapters are directed to architects and detail the factors that must be considered, in sequence, during the design of a music hall. The use of computer modeling and scale models as part of the design process is treated at length. In an appendix, the results of modern acoustical measurements on the halls are tabulated. A study of these data is essential if the acoustician is to understand why some halls are rated better acoustically than others. The book is written for acousticians and architects, as well as musicians, music critics, hall and concert managers, and lovers of fine music.

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Engineering Noise Control
David A. Bies and Colin H. Hansen
E & FN Spon (an Imprint of Chapman and Hall.
Paperback, 1996, 615 pp., USD 50.00

This is the second edition of a book first published in 1988. The first edition was used by graduate students and final year undergraduate students at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Most of the chapters in the book have been updated to reflect new information developed in the last seven years. Two significant modifications include the addition of more information on sound intensity and a new chapter on active noise control.

Fundamentals and basic technology is the subject of the first chapter. The topics covered include basic wave propagation, sound intensity, spectra, impedance, and flow resistance. Then follows a brief description of the human ear in chapter 2. Chapter 3 is devoted to instrumentation for noise measurement and analysis; subjects such as microphones and sound level meters, noise dose meters, spectrum analyzers, tape recorders, and intensity meters are covered.

Chapter 4 deals with criteria for noise control, and includes material on hearing damage criteria, specification of ambient noise levels, community noise level criteria, and speech interference criteria. Physical acoustics, sound power, and architectural acoustics are the subjects of chapters 5, 6, and 7. In chapter 5, there are discussions of basic sources of sound, transmission and reflection of sound, and sound propagation outdoors.

Chapter 6 contains a discussion of sound power, including the relationship between sound power and sound pressure, the determination of sound power using several techniques, and the uses of information on sound power levels. Chapter 7 deals with architectural acoustics, and includes material on sound propagation in rooms, and porous absorbers. There is a discussion of sound propagation in long and flat rooms - rooms typical of those found in many industrial plants.

Methods for controlling noise using "noise control elements" are covered in chapters 8, and 9. These elements include enclosures, barriers, and various kinds of mufflers.

Chapter 10 contains information on vibration isolation, and includes a discussion of various types of isolators, including rubber, metal spring, cork, and felt isolators.

Machinery noise is the subject of Chapter 11. The subject is treated through a description of how to estimate sound power levels and sound pressure levels for a wide variety of machinery, including fans, pumps, valves, engines, transformers, and gears.

In chapter 12, active noise control is introduced. This includes various configurations for active control in ducts, and control of radiation from vibrating structures. Chapter 13 is devoted to a survey of analytical techniques for estimating sound power levels; there are six appendices in the book, three devoted to porous acoustical materials.

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Marine Mammals and Noise
W. John Richardson, Charles R. Greene, Jr., Charles I. Malme, and Denis H. Thompson
Academic Press, 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101, USA
Hardcover, 1995, 576 pp., 64.95 USD

This book can be generally divided into two subject areas, the generation and propagation of sound that affects marine mammals, and the effects of noise on those mammals. The first subject area includes the basics of acoustics, measurement procedures for underwater sound, a description of how sound propagates under water, ambient noise in the ocean, and the characteristics of a wide variety of sources that are responsible for man-made noise. These sources include transportation vehicles such as boats and aircraft, dredging and boring equipment, sounds generated by oil and gas drilling (including drilling from islands, caissons, ice pads, and drill ships), geophysical survey tools, sonars, and explosives.

The second subject area is the characteristics of marine mammals as they relate mammal-generated noise, the reception of sound and the reaction of these mammals to sound. Topics covered include the sounds made by marine mammals; for example, sounds made by a wide variety of whales, walrus, sea otters, etc. Then, the hearing acuity of these mammals is examined, and a long section is devoted to documented disturbance reactions to the sounds described earlier. An assessment is made of the effects on the hearing of mammals, and a chapter is devoted to the significance of these responses and the impact of noise. One portion of the chapter is devoted to equipment design, the routing and positioning of equipment, and operational procedures that can be used to minimize noise generation.

There is an 80-page section that describes the literature cited in the book, and a glossary of terms used in acoustics.

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Advanced Signal Processing and Digital Noise Reduction
Saeed V. Vaseghi
John Wiley, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158, USA
Hardcover, 1996, 397 pp., 69.95 USD

This book will be of interest primarily to individuals involved with areas of noise control that involve a great deal of signal analysis - such as active noise control. It is a mathematical treatment of a number of topics related to signal processing. An introduction to signal processing is the first topic in the book; the material includes the sampling and quantization of signals. Then follows chapters on a number of topics related to signal processing. These include stochastic processes, Bayesian estimation and classification, hidden Markov models, Weiner filters, Kalman and adaptive least-squared error filters, linear prediction models, power spectrum estimation, interpolation, impulsive noise, transient noise, echo cancellation, and blind deconvolution and channel equalization.

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Active Control of Vibration
C.R. Fuller, S.J. Elliott, and P.A. Nelson
Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, London, UK
Hardcover, 1996, 332 pp., USD 75

This book is a comprehensive account of mechanical systems, control methods used to influence the behavior of these systems, and the fundamentals of active control of vibration. Examples of active control of vibration for several different geometries are also given.

The book begins with an introduction to mechanical vibrations and waves, including single and multiple degree of freedom systems, longitudinal and flexural waves, and vibration of structures such as thin plates and cylinders.

Feedback control is the next subject covered - including such topics as single channel feedback control, single and multichannel feedforward control, and adaptive controllers, both in the frequency and time domains.

The book continues with an introduction to distributed transducers, mostly piezoelectric devices that can be used for active control, and then puts the above elements together in a chapter on methods of active control of structures.

The remaining chapters in the book cover specific aspects of active control of vibrations. These include active isolation of vibrations, active control of plate and cylinder systems. Among other topics, practical examples of isolation of periodic vibrations in road vehicles, and control of interior noise in a jet aircraft fuselage are given.

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Sound Intensity, Second Edition
F.J. Fahy
E & FN Spon, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY, USA, an imprint of Chapman and Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom
Softcover, 1995, 295pp.

(As the author points out in the second edition of this book, first published in 1989, that a great deal has happened in this field in recent years, and an update is most appropriate.)

Two major developments have been standardized methods for the determination of sound power from sound intensity - both fixed-point methods and scanning methods - as well as the standardization of the characteristics of instruments for the measurement of sound intensity.

The book begins with a brief history of sound intensity methods, including the Olson patent of 1932, the Field Wattmeter of Wolff and Massa, velocity microphones, and the work of Schultz in the mid-1950s. He points out that 1977 was a "vintage year" for sound intensity, and describes the work of Alfredson which was reported in the NOISE-CON 77 Proceedings, and the work of Chung, Pope and others on the cross-spectral density method.

The book then covers the basics of acoustical waves necessary to understand sound intensity. These include pressure, density, particle velocity, basic equations, the wave equation and its solutions, sound energy, and sound intensity itself.

There are new sections on transient and instantaneous sound intensity, and the section on complex intensity has been expanded. There are several examples of sound intensity "maps," examples of power flux in fields, and a discussion of systematic errors in the measurement of sound intensity. There is also a chapter on instruments for sound intensity measurement, their calibration, and the new standards for these instruments.

There is an extensive discussion of determination of sound power via sound intensity, the standards available, and the field indicators that can be used to judge the accuracy of the results. There is also a discussion of other uses of sound intensity, including source localization, determination of the sound absorptive properties of materials, determination of power transmission through structures, applications to holography.

Finally, there is a discussion of sound intensity in ducts and pipes, with and without mean flow. An appendix contains a list of available standards related to sound intensity.

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Handbook of Radiation and Scattering of Waves
Adrianus T. de Hoop
Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, London, United Kingdom
Hardcover, 1995, 1085 pp., USD 125

Lectures related to radiation and scattering presented by the author at the Delft University of Technology were the source of much of the material for this text. The book is divided into three major parts, the first covering acoustic waves in fluids, the second covering radiation and scattering of elastic waves in solids, and the third covering radiation and scattering of electromagnetic waves.

The first part, 291 pages of material on acoustic waves, is a mathematical treatment of such subjects as the basic fluid equations, the wave equation, radiation from sources, plane waves, reciprocity, and scattering by objects in fluids. The remaining two parts are a mathematical treatment of the other two subjects mentioned in the first paragraph.

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Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers
Peter B. Kahn
John Wiley and Sons
Paperback, 1990, 469 pp., USD 38

This book is a basic treatment of the mathematical methods used to analyze linear and nonlinear systems. The material on linear systems includes basic matrix theory, gamma and related functions, methods for the evaluation of integrals, and linear differential equations. The section on nonlinear methods begins with an analysis of simple harmonic oscillators, and continues with analysis of conservative and nonconservative systems, analytical techniques to obtain approximate solutions to nonlinear problems. The book with a discussion of nonlinear difference equations and chaotic behavior.

Industrial Intelligent Control
Yong-Zai Lu
John Wiley & Sons, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Hardcover, 1996, 325 pp, 74.95 USD.

This is a mathematically oriented book that deals with control systems of various kinds. Some of the topics included in the book are fuzzy logic and fuzzy systems, neural networks, learning strategies, modeling of systems, adaptive control systems, optimization techniques, and quality control.

Noise cancellation itself is a minor part of the book - appearing only in one chapter on learning strategies, but many of the techniques in the book should be applicable to the design of active noise control systems.

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Active Control of Noise and Vibration
Colin H. Hansen and Scott D. Snyder
E & FN Spon, 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY, USA, an imprint of Chapman and Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row, London SE1 8HN, United Kingdom
Hardcover, 1997, 1267pp, 358 USD (195 GBP).

This 1267-page book is more than a treatise on active control of noise and vibration; it covers the fundamentals of acoustics and vibrations as well as the theory of active control systems.

Chapter 1 is in introduction which gives the background of active control. The early work of Lueg and Olson is described; the chapter also gives an overview of potential applications of active control, feedback, and feedforward systems.

Chapter 2 covers the fundamentals of acoustics and vibrations. This includes a derivation of the wave equation (including sources and one-dimensional mean flow). The discussion then turns to the fundamentals of mechanics, including Newton's laws and some of the important concepts in analytical mechanics. The vibrations of continuous systems (beams, plates, and shells) are then reviewed. The chapter continues with a review of the theory of Green's functions in unbounded spaces, enclosed spaces, and ducts. Following that formalism, impedance and sound intensity are discussed. The material on impedance leads directly to an explanation of radiation efficiency. Mechanical impedance is also covered, and intensity in both air and structures is reviewed.

Chapter 3 is a review of spectral analysis and digital filtering. Chapter 4 covers modal analysis - both theoretical and experimental.

The theory of active noise and vibration control begins in Chapter 5 with a review of modern control theory. This includes discrete-time models, frequency domain analysis, and random processes.

Feedforward systems, including various formulations of LMS algorithms are covered in Chapter 6. The discussion leads naturally into adaptive filtering. There is also material on adaptive filtering using neural networks.

Chapter 7 begins the discussion of one of the first applications of active control, active control in ducts. Examples of various configurations of active cancellation systems are given. This chapter also includes material on active headsets.

Chapter 8 is devoted to control of sound radiation in a free field. The use of a canceling source near the actual source (modeled as a dipole) is discussed - as is the control of radiation from structures such as panels. Next comes an exposition - in Chapter 9 - on control of sound fields in enclosed spaces. Examples of control of aircraft and automobile interior noise is given.

Chapter 10 is devoted to feedforward control of vibration in beams in plates, and Chapter 11 continues with material on feedback control using a modal description of flexible structures. Chapter 12 covers active vibration isolation.

Electronic issues, such as analog to digital conversion, are covered briefly in Chapter 13, and the discussion then turns to sources and sensors in Chapter 14. Sources and sensors for both airborne sound and for vibration control are covered.

Throughout the book, there are numerous references to current activity in the field. There is one appendix in the book which is a brief review of linear algebra.

One subject not covered is patents. The authors have given a brief discussion of this topic in the preface, and point out that this is a very complex issue. They suggest that any company entering the field to develop a product have patent rights. They say that "It seems that lawyers and judges have made more money from active control than any engineering company. They urge reason with regard to patent rights - since these problems can slow down new product development (and enrich the legal profession).

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Pump Application Desk Book
Paul N. Garay
Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA, USA
Hardcover, 1996, 706pp. 82 USD.

This book is a practical guide to both the design and use of pumps in a number of industrial applications. The topics covered include descriptions of various kinds of pumps, the principles upon which they operate, applications of pump theory, methods to modify pumps to improve efficiency, water hammer, seals, and pump system parameters.

There is a chapter on the classification of pumps, and a summary is given of different kinds of pumps - gear pumps, centrifugal pumps, screw pumps, piston pumps, etc.

There is also a chapter on applications of pump theory which contains a general discussion on cavitation in pumps.

Noise is clearly a factor in pump design, but this topic is mentioned only briefly in Chapter 17 which is titled "Effect of Pump Speed on Selection, Design, and Use." The author points out several benefits that will (and will not) occur when pump speed is reduced. It is said that "fortunately, pumps are normally quiet machines. Some conditions under which noise should be considered are listed. The general information on pumps may, however, be valuable to an engineer faced with a pump noise problem.

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Encyclopedia of Acoustics
Malcolm J. Crocker, Ed.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 3rd Avenue, New York, NY 10158-1102, USA.
Hardcover, 1997, Vol. 1, xxiv + 3-617pp., Vol. 2, xiv + 621-1091pp., Vol. 3, 1095-1554pp., Vol 4, xiv + 1557-1990pp., 395 USD.
This Encyclopedia of Acoustics is a 4-volume work divided into 18 parts and 166 chapters. Each of the 18 parts begins with an introduction to the subject matter in that part. There is a total of 1980 pages of technical information in the four volumes - devoted to nearly all aspects of acoustics.
For those interested in noise control, an obvious place to start is with Part VIII which contains chapters 79-89 - devoted to Noise: Its Effects and Control. Chapter 79, the introduction, is an overview of the material in the next 9 chapters; Chapter 80 is a description of noise rating procedures, loudness, annoyance, criteria for indoors environments (NC curves, RC curves, NCB curves, etc.). The chapter continues with brief descriptions of many rating methods, past and present. These include equivalent levels, the composite noise rating (CNR), the noise exposure forecast (NEF), the noise and number index (NNI), and others. There is also information on community response to noise, recommended indoor noise levels, and guidelines on noise exposure given by several government agencies.

• Chapter 81 is devoted to hearing protective devices, how to fit them, and how to measure their performance.
• Chapter 82 is devoted to the determination of sound power level for noise sources. Current standards using measurement of sound pressure are covered; methods using sound intensity are covered in Chapter 156.
• Chapter 83 begins with the source-path-receiver model for studying a noise problem - first proposed by Bolt and Ingard in 1956. There is a large section on isolation of machinery vibrations as well as information on the use of sound absorptive materials and enclosures. Then there is information on noise sources - gears, bearings, fans, valves, and other sources. Finally, classical noise source identification techniques are covered. These include noise source wrapping and path blocking. Chapters 84 and 85 are devoted to the principles of active noise control and noise control in ducted air distribution systems, respectively.
• Chapter 86 is devoted to the prediction of the sound power levels of industrial equipment, and data are given for a wide variety of heavy equipment - including compressors, transformers, gas turbines, pumps, and similar equipment.
• Chapter 87 is devoted to airport noise. This includes descriptors for noise around airports, noise monitoring, calculation of noise impact, methods that can be used to control environmental noise. There is also a discussion of noise certification and the phase-out of older (noisy) aircraft. Chapter 88 on surface transportation noise is mainly devoted to noise sources and noise regulations.
• Finally, Chapter 89 on community response to noise describes the percentage of persons annoyed under various circumstances, the assessment of annoyance, and regulations.

Having read the chapters in Part VIII on the effects of noise and its control, the reader is left with the task of identifying additional information related to noise control and determining in what order to read it. It is perhaps dangerous to plot what seems to be a logical course in a hyperlinked world, but reading in the following order may be useful for those who want to learn more about noise control.

Chapter 1 is an introduction to linear acoustics; the basics of sound fields, decibels and levels are discussed as well as the principles of radiation, scattering, reflection and diffraction. Chapters 154 and 155 related to instrumentation are devoted to a discussion of sound pressure, microphones, and sound level meters of various kinds. Chapter 156 is devoted to sound intensity.

Part III of the volumes is devoted to aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound. The introduction, Chapter 27, and Chapter 32 on atmospheric sound propagation are useful; the latter contains information on atmospheric absorption, effects caused by ground, refraction, diffraction, and the effects of turbulence on sound propagation.
Part IX of the volumes is devoted to architectural acoustics; several chapters contain information related to noise control. Chapter 91 contains information on sound in enclosures, wave acoustics, geometric acoustics, and statistical acoustics. Chapter 92 is devoted to sound absorption and sound absorption coefficients. Chapter 93 covers sound insulation of walls, floors, etc., and touches on acoustical requirements in building codes. Chapter 94 is devoted to ratings and descriptors useful for building acoustics - with some overlap with similar sections in the noise control portion of the encyclopedia. There are useful descriptors for criteria and assessment of noise as well as for ratings for sound absorption and transmission. Chapter 95 covers sound propagation in workspaces - flat rooms, long rooms, etc. A discussion of the effects of scattering objects rooms is also included. Chapter 97 is devoted to noise requirements in building codes and criteria; a summary of codes in 10 different countries is given. Chapter 98 is devoted to noise control for mechanical systems and ventilating systems.
There are several other parts of these volumes related to noise and its control. These include Chapter 28 on aerodynamic and jet noise, Chapter 46 on ship and platform noise, and propeller noise, many Chapters in Part IV which is devoted to mechanical vibration and shock, the chapters in Part VII which are devoted to statistical methods in acoustics, Chapters 14 and 15 which are devoted to finite element analysis and boundary element methods, respectively, and Chapter 9 which is devoted to steady-state radiation from sources.
While psychological and physiological acoustics are covered, there does not seem to be any discussion of sound quality - a topic of current interest to noise control engineers - especially in the automotive industry.